In labor relations, what does the term "collective bargaining" refer to?

The term "collective bargaining" specifically refers to the process through which representatives of employees, typically unions, negotiate with employers regarding various aspects of work conditions. This includes wages, hours, benefits, and other employment terms. Collective bargaining is a fundamental process in labor relations, aimed at reaching an agreement that is beneficial for both the employees and the employers. It serves as a critical tool for ensuring that workers have a voice in their working conditions and can negotiate terms that reflect their needs and concerns.

The focus on negotiating work conditions captures the essence of collective bargaining, as it embodies the collaborative effort of both parties to establish a mutually agreeable set of terms. This process often results in a collective bargaining agreement, which is a legally binding contract outlining the terms agreed upon during the negotiations.